Presbyter Matías Maestro Cemetery

The Presbítero Maestro Cemetery, inaugurated between 1805 and 1808 by order of Viceroy Fernando de Abascal, is not only the first municipal cemetery in Latin America but also one of the oldest. Located on the outskirts of Lima, this place has served as the final resting place of numerous important historical figures of Peru. Over the years, aristocratic families transformed the Master Presbyter into one of the most impressive ensembles of outdoor sculptural art on the continent. Today, after more than 200 years of history, the cemetery houses the most important collection of European sculptures and funerary structures from the 19th century in Latin America, standing out for both its quality and quantity. The cemetery's architecture reflects a neoclassical design, with French and Italian influences, and is home to 766 mausoleums and 92 monuments. Additionally, it is crucial to understand the class system evident here: the most distinguished people rest in large, extravagant tombs or crypts. Those who, without being extremely rich, possessed some capital, were buried in "The Niches", large rectangular structures where people are located in individual spaces. Lastly, common people were buried in ossuaries, which are like common burial grounds, especially when space is at a premium. In recent years, efforts to preserve the cemetery’s artistic heritage have intensified. Projects focus on restoring deteriorated sculptures and mausoleums, with particular attention to materials originally used, such as limestone and marble. These efforts ensure the protection of these artworks against environmental degradation and urban expansion.

Notable Interments

The Presbítero Maestro Cemetery is the eternal home of illustrious personalities such as Guillermo Billinghurst, former President of Peru, and José Santos Chocano, famed poet and writer. Additionally, Bernardo O'Higgins, a key figure in Chilean independence, was interred here before his remains were transferred back to Chile after several decades. These graves not only mark the final resting places of Peru's luminaries but also serve as focal points for historical research and cultural discourse. This enriches the cemetery's significance as a site of profound historical import.

Cultural Tours and Education

The Presbítero Maestro Cemetery offers guided tours that delve into the lives of those interred within its walls, as well as the historical and artistic significance of the monuments. An especially unique feature of these tours occurs during the season of Todos los Santos (end of October to early November) when the cemetery hosts a live performance of José Zorrilla's classic Spanish literature piece, "Don Juan Tenorio." This annual event not only draws visitors to the cemetery but also enriches the cultural experience, blending historical exploration with live theatrical performance. These tours are crucial for educational outreach, helping to maintain the cemetery’s relevance in contemporary society and educating the public on the importance of preserving such heritage sites. The cemetery has captured the imagination of many modern filmmakers and authors, featuring in films and literature that explore themes of memory, history, and transcendence. This cultural portrayal helps to maintain a public dialogue about the site’s historical and aesthetic values. By visiting the Presbítero Maestro Cemetery, one gains a deeper appreciation for Peru's rich history and the artistry of its past. It remains a significant cultural landmark, not only for its historical interments but also for its profound impact on Peruvian heritage and identity. Visiting the Presbítero Maestro Cemetery is more than a journey through a resting place; it's an exploration of history, art, and culture. As one of Lima's most significant historical sites, it remains a testament to the city's rich past and a beacon of cultural heritage in Latin America.